HTTP: Stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is a client server interaction standard. Server here refers to the server which hosts the website and client is the tool used by end user comprising the browser etc. HTTP is used for retrieving the hypertext (the web of interlinked documents you see on many websites) and hence is generally credited for the development and popularity of the World Wide Web.
HTTPS: Stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer. It refers to the combination of the HTTP protocol over an encrypted and hence secure connection mainly Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). The use of https in the URLs indicates that the transaction taking place on the Web page or the sensitive information entered will be treated in an encrypted format and over a secure connection.
HTML: It is the most commonly used language used to create Web pages. It describes the structure of a Web page and consists of commands to denote some text as links, lists, paragraphs etc. Browsers are software which interpret HTML and translate it into more presentable format. You can view the page source (ctrl+u) of this Web page to look at the HTML script used in the creation of this page.
IP ADDRESS: It is an address assigned to all the computers connected in a network using Internet Protocol. IP address tells the exact location of the resource on the Internet and hence makes communication possible. An IP address lies between 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255. Though IP addresses are accessed by computers in binary format, they are generally represented as four blocks of decimal numbers for easy readability.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator is a means of locating where the resource being looked for is available and a method of retrieving it. This is the Webaddress that appears in the address bar of your browser and looks something like:-
http://the-online-world.com/Internet-Introduction-101-Definition-of-what...
DOMAIN NAME: Domain names provide symbolic representations (easily memorisable names) to numeric Internet addresses. They are hence primary tool to locate any resource on the Internet. Another advantage of the domain name is the association of a website with a brand of its own even though it’s physical address and hence even the numeric address on the Internet (IP) may change. This is achieved by Domain Name Systems (DNS) which are global services to maintain corresponding physical address associated with physical address on the Internet. So, any change in physical address of the website only requires updating the DNS.
BROWSER: You might have used Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari or any other software application to visit this site. These applications which allow you to access and interact with the text, images, videos and other graphics located on a Web page are called browsers. They are analogous to compilers of programming languages which interpret languages to display the results. Browsers, similarly, translate the HTML information of websites into visually convenient format.
ISP: Stands for Internet Service Provider. ISP is a company which provides access to the Internet.
FTP: FTP or File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer data from one computer to the other over a network like Internet. For example in order to put this Web page on the World Wide Web, I had to transfer the HTML file that I had created to the server which hosts this website ‘The Online World’. This was done using the File Transfer Protocol.
BANDWIDTH: It denotes the capacity of system to allow data transfers over a connection in per unit time. It is typically measured in bits per second.
WEB-HOST: Also called Internet hosting service, are companies which give server access and space to individuals and organizations to host their websites. While a website may be hosted on any computer with a permanent IP address, these servers allow almost 24/7 accessibility to the website and also allot high data transfer bandwidths for many people visiting the website. This website for example is hosted on a Webhosting service provider www.hostnine.com .